Combined fire-escape



(N'oxMdel.) '2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

, J.fL. MACDONALD.

GOMBINED FIRE ESCAPE, PIRE E XTIINGUISHB AND ELEVATOR.

No; 365,833.4 Pate July 5, 1887.--

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(No Model.)

COMBINEDFIRE ESCAPE, PIRE EXTIBTQUISIUIILl ANDELEVATOE. Nov. 365.833. 'Y

Patented July 5, 188x- NA PETERS, Pham-Lichugnphr, wnsmnsnm n. c,

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Nirn raras JOHN'L. MACDONALD, OF SHAKOPEE, MINNESOTA.

COMBIND FIRE-ESCAPE, FIRE-EXTINGUISHER, AND ELEVATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 365,833, dated July 5,1887.

(No model.)

To wZZ whom, it may concern:

Beit known that I, JOHN L. MACDONALD, a citizen of the United States,residing in Shakopee, in the county of Scott and State of Minnesota,have invented a new and useful Combined Safety Elevator, Fire-Escape,and Fire` Extinguisher, of which the following is a de-, scriptio'n. Y

As may be inferredfroni the-foregoing title, the invention consistsincertain novel conibinations of elements in a structure designed forpurposes of residence or of business, embracing in co-operative relationmeans whereby, upon the occurrence of adestructive conflagration,^escapefrom the structure of the occupants thereof is rendered easy andcertain, whereby such conflagration may be either wholly extinguished orchecked and confined within certain definite limits, and whereby personsor articles may be elevated to the top or lowered to the base of thestructure, as may be desired, all as will be herein described andclaimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a view in perspectiveelevation of a structure having my combined safety-elevator,fire-escape, and tire-extinguisher applied therein. Fig. 2 is averticalsection on aline extending inwardly from the exterior face of thestructure through the shaft or well of the fireescape and elevator. Fig.3V is a horizontal section on the line .ftof Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detailvertical section showing hoseopenings in the wall of the safety shaft orwell. Figs. 5, G, and 7 are modications of the construction representedin Fig. 3, drawn to a reduced scale.

The drawings represent an elevator, E, and a standpipe, l), withinaIire-proof shaft or well, S, which is preferably of the 'rectangularforin shown, and the outer wall of which is by preference contiguous toor integral with the exterior wall, A', of the structure A, in'

which such shaft or well is contained. The

structure A will preferably be provided with one or more entrances ofordinary construetion, which are independent of the lower entrance andexit opening, S, at the base of the shaft S. Vithin the shaft S, and bypreferstructure.

ence at or near the center thereof, is the Veasing E,containing the cageor carriage E of the elevator. Upon the exterior face of the wall A ofthe structure A, and in a plane` with the fioor of each of the upperstories of vsuch structure, isa balcony, A, which extends along suchwa'll to a point beyond the walls of the shaftor well S, so that accessto the balcony at each end" thereof is afforded through windows w ordoors (Z, which open from passages or from apartments exterior to theshaft. Vithin the shaft S, and between its opposite frontend rear wallsand the casing E of the elevator, are floors or galleries G andG, andthese galleries are connected by means of flights of stairs F and F, sothat, independently of the use of the elevator, a continuous passagefrom top to bottoni of the edifice within the fire-proof shaft isprovided. The stand-pipe P,`eonnecting at the base of the building withthe water-main of the street or other source of supply, extendsvertically along the inner surface of the wall A', and is provided withbranch pipes p and p and checkvalves p, one of each for each floor ofthe The branch pipes have fittings for hose-connections, and, as will beseen, the branch pipes p extend outwardly through the wall A andprojectl over the balcony, so that when suitable hose, h, is attachedstreams of water may be directed from the balcony upon the front of thestructure or into the interior of the same through the windows w or thedoors d, which open upon such balcony. In like manner, when hose isconnected to the inner branch pipe, p, the nozzle thereof may beinserted into openings s or sA in the side and rear wall of the shaft,the staudpipe thus discharging quantities of water from within and fromwithout the shaft and upon both the interior and the exterior of thestructure.

It will be observed that the hose-openiugs s and sV are each providedwith a self-closing door or cover, cl, which is applied upon the outerextremity of the opening. By this means danger that the openings may byaccident'or carelessness4 be left unclosed for thcadniission of smoke orilaine is avoided, and

additional security against such admission may be insured by theapplication of a similar cover, d4, to the interior extremity of thehose-openings. If the extremity of the hose opening or port be vertical,the cover may be weighted to insure its clos-ure; but if the eX- tremitybe inclined the weight of the metallic cover itself will cause it to iitclosely upon its bearing-face. The upper extremity of the fire-proofsafety-shaft S preferably extends above the roof of the structure, andcommunication between the roof and the shaft is afforded by means of oneor more openings, s?, in the wall' of the shaft, the openings beingprovided with fire-proof doors or closing-plates D and a stairway, F2,leading from the opening to the topmost gallery, G. It will be observedthat the shaft is of fire-proof masonry from top to bottom, no ironbeing employed in its walls, either in the form of doors or otherwise,and that in the sides adjacent to the interior of the structure it iswithout any openings whatever, save the small perforations for theinsertion of the hose-nozzles. It will thus be seen that the shaft isAnot accessible directly from anypassage or apartment of the edifice,but only indirectly through the doors D, facing the balconies, the doorsD, opening from the roof, or the door S at the base of the shaft.

vFrom the foregoing it will be apparent that the elevator will be'at-all times accessible for use for the ordinary purposes of carriagesof its class, and that upon the occurrence of an alarm of fire it mayinstantly be brought into requisition as a valuable auxiliary to thesystem of galleries and stairways already described, the infirm and thehelpless being conveyed below by means of the elevator, while the morerobust pass tothe street by the stairways and their connectinggalleries. It is also obvious that in structures of large dimensions itmay be desirable or necessary to provide a safety-shaft and elevator,either in connection with a series of stairways or otherwise inconnection with more than one of the walls of the building. In a largehotel, for instance, or in au extensive manufacturing establishment, it

maybe advantageous to provide one or more shafts, both upon van outer orstreet wall and upon a rear wall facing an alley, or a court, or agarden wholly or partially embraced within extended wings of thestructure.

The described safety-shaft S and its several Y entrances, the galleries'or landings and the stairways within the shaft, and the balconies, bywhich access to the shaft from upper stories of the structure isafforded, are all essentially identical with like elements shown anddescribed in United States Patent No. 301,138, issued to me July l,1884, and consequently no broad claim of novelty is hercinmade for theseparts, either separately or in combination.

Having described my invention, I claim- 1. The combination, in astructure for residence or other purposes, which is provided' with aseries of balconies, of a fire-proof shaft which is provided with aseries ofdoors or windows, each-of which opens upon one o f thebalconies, and with a series of hose-openings, doors, or vwindows in thewall ofl the structure, outside the walls of the shaft open.- ing uponthe balconies, and a stand-pipe which is provided with two series ofbranches, one series projecting through the outer wall of the buildingat a point opposite the balconies,so as to discharge from such balconiesinto the interior of the building, and the other series opening into theshaft and adaptedto discharge streams of water through the hoseopeningsthereof. 1 2. The combination, in a structure for residence or otherpurposes, of a fire-proof safetyshaft which may be entered only throughopenings which communicate directly with the outer air, a series ofbalconies upon 4the outer wall of the shaft, an elevator within theshaft, anda stand-pipe provided with branches, as described, and adaptedto discharge streams of water from the balconies and from the interiorof the safety-shaft. 3. rlhe combination7 in a structure for residenceor other purposes, of an incombustible safety-shaft, the interior ofwhich is accessible only through openings which communicate directlywith the outer air, a series of balconies upon the outer wall of theshaft corre- -sponding with the several upper floors of the structureand extending along the wall of the structure to points beyond the wallsof the shaft, openings in the walls of the structure outside the shaftand communicating with the balconies, an elevator and series ofstairways IOC) and galleries within the shaft, and an inwardly andoutwardlydischarging stand-pipe extending-along the wall of the shaftfrom top to Vbottom of the same.

4. rljhe combination, in a structure for residence or other purposes, ofa fire-proof safetyshaft which has a series of hose-openings, each ofwhich is provided with a selfclosing cover or door, and a stand-pipewhich extends from top to bottom of the shaft along the inner surface ofthe same, and which is provided with outwardly discharging branch pipes,and -with branch pipes which are adapted to discharge through thehose-openings in the wall of the shaft, substantially as and for thepurposes described.

5. The combination, ina structure for residence or other purposes, ofafire-proof safetyshaft which is accessible lonly through openings inthe wall of such structure, and which has a series of hose-openings,each of which is provided with a self-closing cover ondoor, andastand-pipe which extends from top to bottom of the shaft along theinner surface of the same, and which is provided with branch.

ric

with branch pipes which are adapted to discharge through thehose-openings in the Wall of the shaft.

6. A structure foi1 residence or other pur- 5 poses, which embraces afire-proof shaft which is providedwith galleries or landings, withbalconies which correspond with such galleries or landings, and with astand-pipe within the shaft which has two seriesof branch pipes, oneseries of which is operable from the bal lo conies for' theextinguisllincnt of fire` W1i3h1n the structure.

JOHN L. MACDONALD. Witnesses:

r JAMEs Mc'HALE,

CHARLES J. STRUNK.

